i'm your statistics sidekick
Cell Preparation Here’s an image of the cells prepared for calculating r using Excel. I hypothesized that we want to calculate the r using two variables (X and Y) as shown below: X: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. Y: 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, and … Read more
Cell Preparation Here’s an image of the cells prepared for calculating Z scores. I hypothesized that we want to calculate the Z scores of a variable X that has the following scores: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. First, vertically list the numbers of the variable (X) based on which … Read more
This posting explains how to conduct Chi-square test of goodness of fit using Excel and SPSS. If you want a detailed explanation about the test itself, then, click this link Chi-square test of goodness of fit. Chi-Square formula and brief overview Here’s the formula for the Chi-Square (χ2): Here’s a simpler version: \[\chi^2 = \sum\frac{(O … Read more
A nice link between the Descriptive Statistics (Frequency Table) and the Inferential Statistics (Chi-Square Test of Goodness of Fit) One of the concepts discussed early in the Introductory Statistics course is the Frequency Table, which describes the sample’s frequency (descriptive statistics). An inferential-statistics method that can be applied to such a frequency table is Chi-Square … Read more
Method 1: Using “Countif” in Excel Note, this is a tedious method and therefore you would want to move on to the next methods that are more efficient. However, using Countif is a straightforward method and therefore useful for discussing the frequency table. Countif counts the number of cells that meet a certain criterion (e.g., … Read more
The following graph shows the relationship between the two. The point of this figure is that the taller the parents, the taller the offspring (and vice versa). We should note, though, that the offspring of even very tall parents would not equal the height of its parents, but rather would be slightly shorter in stature … Read more
How to Create the Reference List (Especially Journal Articles) Example Bentley, M., Peerenboom, C. A., Hodge, F. W., Passano, E. B., Warren, H. C., & Washburn, M. F. (1929). Instructions in regard to preparation of manuscript. Psychological Bulletin, 26(2), 57–63. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0071487 Two Basic-Formating Templates Author name(s). (year of publication). Title of article, Title of Periodical, … Read more
What to cite? General guidelines for citation. Cite the work of those individuals whose ideas, theories, or research have directly influenced your work: The works that provide key background information, support or dispute your thesis, or offer critical definitions and data. Cite only works that you have read and ideas that you have incorporated into … Read more
First of all, here’s an example of the start of a text. When you start the main text of your research paper, make sure to insert a page break after page 2 by doing ctrl+enterat at the bottom of your abstract page (on page 2). Then, the main text that should start from page 3 … Read more
Abstract First of all, the abstract is placed on its own page after the title page (i.e., page 2). Here is an example. [Format of the label “Abstract”] [Format of the Contents] Keywords [Format of the label, “Keywords:”] [Format of the contents]